Tuesday, November 2, 2010

Is Smell Important? Obviously Yes! 气味是否很重要? 当然是!

This Article may open up those Jokers’ Brain dead minds (so called SIFUS) who tried to spoil the Love Potion image in the market. This was done particularly to hijack out of jealousy and envy.

If my memory served me well, it was about 2 or 3 years back When Love Potion formulation was discovered by me. Some of them asked me for the formula of Love Potion but I refused to give it them. Here sparked the anger.

One particular Joker from K.T now supplying some self made hygrostat,( perhaps already out of business now) condemned Love Potion argued that smell doesn’t play important role in birds’ behavior. Many newbie called him SIfu I guess that was self claimed. He owned a failed farm but trying to teach others how to build successful farm and advise others what to use and what not to be used in farm.

Imagine if you are unlucky to have associated with such person then that is the end of your farm. There is so much yet to be known by many but we have been practicing it. Since Swiftlets like and enjoying playing in rain I bet they produce lots of oil in their feathers for water proofing compared with other birds and this oil significantly plays a part in social behavior.

Therefore when Love potion is applied in farm Swiftlets would swap in to the source of aroma. The below article may open up your mind regarding scent in birds.

這篇文章也許会启发那些小丑死掉的脑袋(所謂的师傅) 设法破坏Love Potion名誉在市場上。 這个特别的动机是出于嫉妒和妒嫉。

如果我还記的的话,大约是在23年前,當我發現了Love Potion的方程式。 有些问了我要Love Potion的方程式,但是我拒绝給他們。 這样鼓舞了憤怒。

其中一个小丑從K.T現在供應一些自制的測濕計的, (或許現在已經关门大吉了)批评Love Potion并且争辩说,氣味在燕子的行為不扮演重要的角色。 許多新手称他为师傅,我猜測是他自已自奉的师傅。 他擁有一個失败的燕屋農場,但是却设法教其他如何修建成功的燕屋農場和勸告其他什么应该和不应该在燕屋農場使用。

想像如果您不幸的被這樣的人联合您的燕屋農場的结果会如何。 就是这样,有很多事大家是不知道的,但是大家就是得过且过 自然燕子享受在雨中作乐,我肯定它們的羽毛生產的油水比其他鳥类多,並且這油極大起在社會行為的作用。

所以,當Love Potion被应用在燕屋農时,燕子將交換對芳香的來源。 下的文章也許启发您的頭腦關於燕子的氣味。

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Could Smell Play a Role in the Origin of New Bird Species?

ScienceDaily (Mar. 24, 2010) — Two recently diverged populations of a southern California songbird produce unique odors, suggesting smell could contribute to the reproductive isolation that accompanies the origin of new bird species. The Indiana University Bloomington study of organic compounds present in the preen oils of Dark-eyed Juncos is described in this month's Behavioral Ecology.


"There's so much we don't know about the role of smell in bird behavior," said biologist Danielle Whittaker, the study's lead author. "Differences in smell could be affecting sexual behavior, parental care and even contribute to speciation."

Whittaker is a postdoctoral researcher in IU Bloomington biologist Ellen Ketterson's research group.

Led by Whittaker, a team of IU Bloomington biologists and chemists examined the chemical composition of preen oil, which is a compound birds secrete and spread around their bodies to straighten, protect and waterproof their feathers.

To analyze the odor chemistry of preen oil, the scientists isolated 19 volatile molecules that can achieve a gaseous, more sniff-friendly state. The chemical isolation and analysis portion of the interdisciplinary project was led by IU Bloomington Department of Chemistry Distinguished Professor Milos Novotny and Senior Scientist Helena Soini.

The scientists found that each junco possesses a unique and recognizable odor profile that was stable over a two-week period and that could be used to distinguish it from other individuals. The odor profiles of male birds differed from those of female birds, and birds' odor profiles differed depending on which population they were from.

"This is the most comprehensive study of its kind," Whittaker said. "And as far as we know, it is the first time anyone has looked closely at these chemical compounds at the population level in any bird."

Last year, Whittaker, Ketterson, and others reported in the Journal of Avian Biology that juncos can use preen oils to distinguish members of their own species from other species, and between individuals of their own species. The present Behavioral Ecology study went a step further to see whether the chemical composition of preen oil varies among individuals, sexes and populations -- which might be meaningful in an evolutionary context.

The team collected juvenile juncos from two populations, one that resides in and around the University of California San Diego campus in La Jolla, Calif., and another that lives in the Laguna Mountains, about 42 miles east. After capture, the birds were transported to aviaries in Bloomington, Ind., and raised under identical environmental conditions. The scientists used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to isolate 19 volatile compounds from the preen oils which are secreted from the birds' uropygial glands near the base of the tail.

The researchers confirmed that individual birds sampled over time produce levels of each of the volatile compounds that remain more or less constant. They also found gross differences between males and females, and between juncos from the UC San Diego population and birds from the mountains. These population differences were found even though the birds were raised in identical conditions, suggesting that the odors have a genetic, rather than an environmental or developmental basis.

The particular suite of 19 compounds is, as far as the scientists know, unique to juncos. However, this area of research is so new that odor chemistry profiles have been documented for only a few species. This field of research is growing rapidly as biologists realize the potential importance of scent in bird communication and evolution.

Until just a few years ago, most bird biologists believed that smell played little or no role in bird behavior. The olfactory bulb -- a portion of vertebrate brain known to interpret odors -- is small relative to birds' brain sizes. Birds also lack the vomeronasal organ that many mammals (and reptiles) use to sense pheromones specifically.

Then came the discovery that sea-faring petrels can smell so well that they can identify other birds through sense of smell alone. This discovery kicked off a re-examination of several bird species, and preliminary results suggest smell in birds is a behavioral cue that has been overlooked for far too long.

"We still don't know how common it is for birds to use smell," Whittaker said. "The evidence so far suggests there is much for us to learn."

Also contributing to the report were biology graduate student Jonathan Atwell, IU Bloomington chemistry graduate student Craig Hollars. Milos Novotny, Soini, and Hollars are members of the Institute for Pheromone Research, which Novotny directs. Ketterson, Novotny and Soini are also members of IU's Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior.

The project was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and the IU Faculty Research Support Program, with additional support from the Indiana METACyt Initiative and funds from the Lilly Chemistry Alumni Chair.

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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Good Swiftlet farming!